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Ramón Mercader
Jaime Ramón Mercader del Río (7 February 1913〔Other sources date Mercader's birth on 7 February 1914〕 – 18 October 1978)〔Photograph of (Mercader's Gravestone )〕 was a Catalan communist and Soviet agent〔(res=950DE5D7163EF935A25752C0A96F948260 "The New Trotsky: No Longer a Devil" ), by Craig R. Whitney, ''New York Times'', January 16, 1989〕 who assassinated the Russian Marxist revolutionary Leon Trotsky in 1940, in Mexico. He served 20 years in Mexican prison for the murder. Joseph Stalin presented him with an Order of Lenin in absentia. Mercader was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union after his release in 1961.
==Life==
Mercader was born in 1913 in Barcelona to Eustaquia María Caridad del Río Hernández (b. 1892), the daughter of a Cantabrian merchant who had become affluent in Spanish Cuba, and Pau Mercader i Marina (b. 1885), the son of a Catalan textiles industrialist from Badalona. Mercader grew up in France with his mother after their divorce. Caridad was an ardent Communist who fought in the Spanish Civil War and served in the Soviet international underground. As a young man, Ramón embraced Communism, working for leftist organizations in Spain during the mid-1930s. He was briefly imprisoned for his activities, but was released in 1936 when the left-wing coalition Popular Front won in the elections of that year. During the civil war in Spain, Mercader was recruited by NKVD officer Nahum Eitingon and trained in Moscow as a Soviet agent.〔("Soviet Readers Finally Told Moscow Had Trotsky Slain" ), ''New York Times'', January 5, 1989.〕
His half-sister, the actress María Mercader, was the second wife of Italian film director Vittorio De Sica.
Mercader's contacts with and befriending of Trotskyists began during the Spanish Civil War. George Orwell’s biographer Gordon Bowker relates how English communist David Crook, ostensibly a volunteer for the Republican side, was sent to Albacete where he was taught Spanish〔("The Spanish Civil War and the Popular Front" ), lecture by Ann Talbot, August 2007〕 and also given a crash course in surveillance techniques by Ramón Mercader.〔("Orwell and the spooks" ) by Richard Keeble; online International Journal of Radical Mass Media Criticism〕 Crook then, on orders from the NKVD, used his job as war reporter for the ''News Chronicle'' to spy on Orwell and his Independent Labour Party comrades in the POUM militia.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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